(Backyard Gardener - Photo Illustration - MetroCreativeConnection)

Hello Mid-Ohio Valley Farmers and Gardeners! What a beautiful summer. We have definitely experienced some hot and humid days, but timely rains have kept our farm crops and vegetable gardens growing quite nicely.

Irish potatoes are an Appalachian staple crop, producing good yields for cooking meals this winter. Potatoes do have an enemy which can really do a lot of damage to this crop, the Colorado potato beetle.

The Colorado potato beetle, (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), is a serious insect pest of several vegetable crops in the family Solanaceae. Plants commonly attacked by this insect include potato, eggplant, tomato and pepper. Both the larval and adult stages feed on the leaves of plants, and if left unmanaged can quickly cause extensive defoliation. Under heavy infestations, feeding damage to above ground fruit may also occur.

Adult Colorado potato beetles are approximately 3/8 of an inch long and oval in shape. They have yellowish-white wing covers called elytra, marked with 10 longitudinal black stripes (five on each wing cover). Larvae are red to pinkish in color with two rows of black spots on each side of the body.

In West Virginia, this insect typically has two generations per year. Adults spend the winter in the soil or under crop residues and other organic debris. Adults become active in the spring around May and begin laying clusters of yellowish orange eggs on the undersides of leaves. After the eggs hatch, larvae feed for approximately two to four weeks before dropping to the ground to pupate in the soil. New adults typically emerge from the soil one week later to continue the next generation.

Neonicotinoid insecticides such as imidacloprid applied at planting is the traditional method used by many West Virginians to control the Colorado potato beetle. However, the effectiveness of these insecticides has been waning in some parts of the U.S. due to resistance.

This insect has a long history of developing resistance to most of the the insecticide classes that have been used for its control. For instance, insecticides such as Sevinç (carbaryl) and pyrethriods (permethrin) are now largely ineffective for controlling beetles. Rotating insecticides with different modes of action is essential for preventing the development of insecticide resistance. The spinosyn (spinosad, spinetoram) and diamide (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole) class of insecticides, as well as the active ingredients novaluron and abamectin, can be effective insecticide options for rotation.

Non-chemical methods for management are also important. Selecting early-maturing cultivars and planting later in the season (waiting until June) may allow the harvest of crops before significant damage occurs.

If practiced on a regular basis, hand removal can be an effective method for controlling Colorado potato beetle in small plantings. The larvae and adults can be removed and placed in a container filled with water and a few drops of dish soap. The dish soap breaks the water’s surface tension, so the insects sink into the water and drown rather than escape.

Another non-chemical method involves the use of a spring trap crop planted a few weeks before the main crop to divert overwintering beetle populations. These trap crops can then be destroyed along with any beetles before the primary crop becomes susceptible to attack.

Crop rotation may also be an effective option for larger growing areas. Growing susceptible crops only every other year, or planting these crops at least 1/4 to 1/2 mile away from the previous season’s crop may help reduce beetle populations.

Contact me with questions at the WVU Extension Office at 304-424-1960 or at jj.barrett@mail.wvu.edu. Good Luck and Happy Gardening!